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ينيص�لا جذومنلا نم ةدافتص�م س�ورد :ايقيرفا في ةيرص�بلا ةيمنتلا تلاكص�م
:ﺔﺳاﺍرﺭدﺩﻟاﺍ شﺵﻣاﺍوﻭھﮪﮬﻫ
1
Working paper in Economic History, University Carlos III de Madrid, 19 October 2011,
at www.uc3m.es (accessed; 7-‐5-‐2018)
2 Area Studies Africa; Regional sustainable Development Review, Vol 1, 2018,
University of Brussels, Belgium, at www.eolss.net/sample-‐chapters/c16/E1-‐48-‐06.pdf,
(Accessed; 7-‐5-‐2018).
3
Human Development Report, United Nations Development Report (UNDP), New
York, 1990.
4
Ibid.
5 Ibid, 2013, p88.
6 Human Development Report, United Nations Development Report (UNDP), New
York, 1993-‐ 1996.
7 Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Human Development in Africa; Along Run
perspective, EHES working papers in Economic History, No.8, 2011, at,
https://ideas.repec.org/p/hes/wpaper/0008.html, (Accessed; 10-‐4-‐2018).
8
Kathleen G.Beegle, Luc Christiaensen (editors), supporting human development;
triumphs and challenges on the continent, at
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-‐
content/uploads/2016/01/foresightafrica2016_ch3.pdf
, p 47, (Accessed, 10-‐4-‐2018).
9
Human Development Report, United Nations Development Report (UNDP), New
York, 1990-‐2012.
10
Kathleen G.Beegle, Luc Christiaensen (editors), Op.Cit., p41.
11 African Economic Outlook, Human Development in Africa, at,
www.AfricanEconomicoutlook.org/en/outlook/human_development (Accessed; 10-‐4-‐
2018)
12
Human Development Report, United Nations Development Report (UNDP), New
York, 2016
تﺕﺎﺳﺎﯾﻳﺳ :قﻕوﻭﺳﻟاﺍ دﺩﺎﺻﺗﻗاﺍ وﻭﺣﻧ لﻝوﻭﺣﺗﻟاﺍ ﻲﻓ جﺝرﺭدﺩﺗﻟاﺍ ﺞﮭﻬﻧﻣوﻭ ﻲﻧﯾﻳﺻﻟاﺍ دﺩﺻﺗﻗﻻاﺍ ،٬يﻱوﻭاﺍدﺩﮭﻬﻣﻟاﺍ ءﺎﻓوﻭ 13
. 175 صﺹ ،٬ 2012 ،٬ 33 دﺩدﺩﻌﻟاﺍ ،٬ةﺓرﺭﺷﺎﻌﻟاﺍ ﺔﻧﺳﻟاﺍ ،٬ﺔﯾﻳدﺩﺎﺻﺗﻗﻻاﺍ مﻡوﻭﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﯾﻳﻗاﺍرﺭﻌﻟاﺍ ﺔﻠﺟﻣﻟاﺍ ،٬ تﺕاﺍرﺭﺷؤﺅﻣوﻭ
178 صﺹ ،٬قﻕﺑﺎﺳ ﻟاﺍ ﻊﺟرﺭﻣ ﻟاﺍ 14
ﺔﻟﺎﺳرﺭ ،٬ ﺔﯾﻳﻠﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟاﺍ ﺎﮭﻬﺗﺎﯾﻳدﺩﺣﺗوﻭ ﺔﯾﻳﻧﯾﻳﺻﻟاﺍ ﺔﯾﻳدﺩﺎﺻﺗﻗﻻاﺍ ﺔﺑرﺭﺟﺗﻟاﺍ ،٬نﻥﺎﺣﯾﻳرﺭ دﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺔﯾﻳطﻁﻋ دﺩﻣﺣﻣ 15
،٬ 2012 ،٬نﻥﯾﻳطﻁﺳﻠ ﻓ ،٬هﻩزﺯﻏ ،٬رﺭھﮪﮬﻫزﺯﻷاﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،٬ﺔﯾﻳرﺭاﺍدﺩﻻاﺍ مﻡوﻭﻠﻌﻟاﺍوﻭ دﺩﺎﺻﺗﻗﻻاﺍ ﺔﯾﻳﻠﻛ ،٬ةﺓرﺭوﻭﺷﻧﻣ رﺭﯾﻳﻏ رﺭﯾﻳﺗﺳﺟﺎﻣ
. 49 صﺹ
. 181 صﺹ ،٬قﻕﺑﺎﺳ ﻊﺟرﺭﻣ ،٬يﻱوﻭاﺍدﺩﮭﻬﻣﻟاﺍ ءﺎﻓوﻭ 16
. 62 صﺹ ،٬قﻕﺑﺎﺳ ﻊﺟرﺭﻣ ،٬نﻥﺎﺣﯾﻳرﺭ دﺩﻣﺣﻣ ﺔﯾﻳطﻁﻋ دﺩﻣﺣﻣ 17
275
