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Ghzlan Mahmoud Abdul Aziz
performing vital roles in the government, and in the royal courts, and
this is well documented. By the colonial times, British facilitated

India’s existence in Africa through sending thousands of them as in-
dentured servant and laborers to work in plantations in a number of

African countries like; South Africa, Mauritius, and others.

China also, like India, with Africa shared a common struggle

against Western hegemony. China assisted Africa in diverse ways ;
(2)
supporting nationalist movements fighting colonization, by initiating

large construction projects (like the Tazara Railway) by dispatching
medical teams to Africa, and also finally by offering scholarships to

African students who wish to study in China.

From the 1950s to 1970s, China’s foreign policy to Africa started
to grow up, mainly because China wanted to break global isolation,

displace Taiwan as the internationally recognized government of Chi-
na and replace it with Beijing policy . On 15 January 1964 Primer
(3)
Zhou Enlai visited fourteen African countries, and announced prin-
ciples to Africa, which include ; Africa’s local capacities built by
(4)
Chinese technical assistance, and Chinese experts working in Africa
should have an equal standard of income as the native experts, eco-

nomic cooperation should promote self-reliance and not dependency,
and respect for the recipient’s sovereignty should mean imposing no

“political or economic conditions” on recipient governments. In addi-
tion the five aid principles that set out by him during the India-China

negotiations; common esteem for independence and territorial integ-
rity, common non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s inter-

nal affairs, equality and shared benefits, and peaceful coexistence.

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