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Op. cit., pp.30-31; David Appleyard (1995): "Colloquial Amharic”, Op. cit., p.26.
29- C.H. Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit., p.31; Grover Hudson

(1997): "Amharic: An Ethiopian Semitic Language“, Op. cit., p.23.
30- C.H. Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit., p.31.
31- W. Leslau (1995): " Reference Grammar of Amharic “,Op. cit., pp.280-281; W. Leslau

(2000): ”Introductory Grammar Of Amharic”, Op. cit.,pp.118-123.
32- R.C. Abraham (1968): “The Principles of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.30-31.
33- David Appleyard (1995): "Colloquial Amharic”, Op. cit., pp.144-145.
34- R.C. Abraham (1968): “The Principles of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.30-31; E.G. Titov

(1976):”The Modern Amharic Language”, Op. cit., p.58; W. Leslau (1995):" Reference
Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.566-567.
35- W. Leslau (1995):" Reference Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.566-567.
36- E.G. Titov (1976):”The Modern Amharic Language”, Op. cit., p.58.
37- E.G. Titov (1976):”The Modern Amharic Language”, Op. cit., pp.59-60; W. Leslau
(1995): " Reference Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.566-569.
38- W. Leslau (1995): "Reference Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit., p.580; C.H. Dawkins
(1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit., p.46; E.G. Titov (1976): ”The Modern
Amharic Language”, Op. cit., p.60; Baye Yimam (1999): "The Verb to say in Amharic",
Op. cit., p.2.
39- Thomas. L. Kane (1990):”Amharic-English Dictionary”, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden,
p.601.

40- C.H. Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit., pp.23,29.

‫ ﺘﺘﻐﻴـر ﻨوﻋﻴـﺔ اﻝﺼـﺎﻤت اﻝﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻝﺼـﻴﻐﺔ اﻷﺼـﻠﻴﺔ ﻋـن اﻝﺼـﻴﻐﺔ اﻝﻤﺴـﺘﺨدﻤﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻝﺘﻐـوﻴر اﻝﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤـدث ﻓـﻲ‬-41

[l , n , z , s , s’, ‫ واﻝﺘـﻲ ﻴﻜـون اﻝﺼـﺎﻤت اﻝﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ أﺤـد اﻝﺼـواﻤت اﻝﻠﺜوﻴـﺔ اﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴـﺔ‬،/ j / ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻀـﻴق‬

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐوﻴر اﻝﺼﺎﻤت اﻝﻠﺜوي اﻝﺴﺎﺒق ﻝﻪ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺒدل ﺒﺎﻝﺼـﺎﻤت ﺨﻠـف اﻝﻠﺜـوي أو‬/ j / ‫ ﺤﻴث ﻴﺘﺴﺒب اﻝﻤﻀﻴق اﻷﺨﻴر‬،t’, d , t]

‫ وﺘﺘﺒﻘـﻰ‬/ j / ‫ وﻤـن ﺜـم ُﻴﻔﻘـد اﻝﺼـﺎﻤت اﻷﺨﻴـر‬،‫ [ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻝﺘرﺘﻴـب‬j , Ȃ, Ȣ , ∫ , Č’, Č’, ǐ , Č ] ‫اﻝﻐـﺎري اﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒـل ﻝـﻪ وﻫـو‬
.‫اﻝﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﻜﺎﻝﻌرﺒﻴﺔ واﻝﻌﺒرﻴﺔ واﻝﺠﻌزﻴﺔ واﻷﻤﻬرﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻴظﻬر اﻝﺼﺎﻤت اﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻔﻌل اﻷﺠوف ﻓﻲ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻝﻠﻐﺎت اﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‬-42

.‫ وﻝﻜﻨﻪ ﻴظﻬر ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌض اﻝﺘﺼرﻴﻔﺎت اﻷﺨرى‬،‫وﻏﻴرﻫﺎ‬

: ‫ ﻝﻤزﻴد ﻤن اﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ارﺠﻊ‬-43

R.C. Abraham (1968): “The Principles of Amharic", Op. cit.,p.31; C.H. Dawkins (1969):
"The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit2.,6pp.15,23,29; E.G. Titov (1976):”The Modern
Amharic Language”, Op. cit.,p.55; W. Leslau (1995): " Reference Grammar of Amharic
“,Op. cit.,pp.508,519,533,538,544;  (1997):   
 :.98-99; W. Leslau (2000): ”Introductory Grammar Of Amharic”, Op.
cit.,p.107.

44- (1997): :.98 ::
45- W. Leslau (1995):"Reference Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit., p.557.
46- Ibid, p.560.
47- C.H. Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic", Op. cit.,p.16; Serge Obolensky,

Debebow Zelelie and Mulugeta Andu Alem (1964): "Amharic Basic Course Units 1–50 ",
Op. cit.,p.328;(1994): : ,85.
48- E.G. Titov (1976):”The Modern Amharic Language”, Op. cit.,p.70; W. Leslau (1995):
"Reference Grammar of Amharic", Op. cit.,p.280; Grover Hudson (1997): "Amharic: An
Ethiopian Semitic Language", Op. cit.,pp.23-24;  (1997):  
,.99-100.
49- David Appleyard (1995): "Colloquial Amharic”, Op. cit., pp.144-145.
50- R.C. Abraham (1968): “The Principles of Amharic", Op. cit., pp.30-31.
51- David Appleyard (1995): "Colloquial Amharic”, Op. cit., pp.144-145.

- 71 -52- C.H. Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit., p.31; Grover Hudson
(1997): "Amharic: An Ethiopian Semitic Language“, Op. cit., p.23; W. Leslau (1995):
"Reference Grammar of Amharic “, Op. cit.,pp.557-560).
53- Grover Hudson (1997): "Amharic: An Ethiopian Semitic Language“, Op. cit., p.23; C.H.

Dawkins (1969): "The Fundamentals of Amharic“, Op. cit.,p.31.
54- W. Leslau (1995):" Reference Grammar of Amharic “, Op. cit., p.557.
55- Ibid, p.560.