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36 - Terje Østebø, Islamic Militancy in Africa, Africa Security Brief, No.23 /
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37 - Dr. Koi Johnson,Op. Cit.

38 - Abdelkérim Ousman, The power of radical Islamist ideas in fragile states

in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Economic Co-operation and Development

)OECD(,Canada, July 2012.        http://www.oecd.org/dac

39 - Terje Østebø, Op. Cit.

40 - Herman J. Cohen, Al Qaeda in Africa: The Creeping Menace to Sub- Sahara’s
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41 - Uganda : LRA, ADF on American terrorist list, Nairobi, 7 December 2001
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42 - Who Are the Allied Democratic Forces ? www.trackingterrorism.org

43 - Harvey Glickman, The Threat of Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case
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44 - Herman J. Cohen, Op. Cit.

45 - S. U. Fwatshak, Radical Islam in the Lake Chad Basin, 1805-2009: From the

Jihad to Boko Haram,             http://www.egodiuchendu.com.

                               . 38 ‫ و‬37 ‫ ص‬، ‫ مرجع سابق‬، ‫ صبحي قنصوة‬.‫ د‬- 46

47 - France 24 Chanel TV. 8 Mars 2015 .

48 - Benjamin Soares, Islam in Mali since the 2012 coup, www.culanth.org

‫ ماذا يحدث‬، ‫ رأفت صاح الدين‬: ‫ أنظر‬، ‫ من عدد السكان‬%25 ‫ يرفع البعض نسبتهم إلى‬- 49
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http://www.arabic.irinnews.org . ‫ تعني الكلمة تحالف بلغة السانغو‬- 50

http://www.arabic.irinnews.org . ‫ الكلمة تعني المنجل أو الرصاصة بلغة السانغو‬- 51

52 - AFP, French troops kill ex-rebels in Central Africa, August 5, 2014

http://www.afp.com.

53 - Irving Hexham, Op. Cit.

54 - Mail Gurdian, http://m.mgafrica.com .

55 - Stephen Rakowski, Op. Cit.

56 - Irving Hexham, Op. Cit.

57 - Sudarsan Raghavan, Niger struggles against militant Islam, August 16,
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58 - Dr Bacary Sambe, The potential danger of religious radicalism in Senegal,
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